5.韵律法则
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菲律宾劳工,为何在世界各地选美
原创 张汉娜 真故研究室 2021-11-18 11:30

每十个菲律宾人就有一个人漂洋过海,踏上异乡的土地,成为“移工”。他们像浮萍,辗转后落脚在韩国的渔场、日本的餐厅、香港的别墅、台湾的工厂……成为一枚枚可以被任意拆组的人肉零件。

但在机械日常的缝隙,菲律宾人会把挤出的毫厘与分秒组装成一场并不起眼的选美盛宴,在这里,最“美”的人可以暂时在周一来临前脱下工装,换上水晶鞋,享受欢呼雀跃,等待十二点的钟声敲响。

男工参选“粗鲁小姐”

菲律宾人杰尔姆·巴贝尔在台南科技园区工厂的流水线上抽出了一个宝贵的周末,穿上亮晶晶的低胸红色短裙,戴上大红色耳环和金色假发,前往比赛场地。合影的时候,他紧紧抱住手里的花束,胳膊上的肌肉紧绷起来,时间紧迫,他没来得及认真修理眉毛,它们用力地向中间延展,差一点就可以连接在一起。

这是有11名选手参加的第二届“粗鲁小姐”选美比赛,举办人是一家菲律宾商店的老板娘,参赛者和观众都来自附近的工厂,加起来有200多人,都是在台湾务工的菲律宾人,参赛“小姐”都是男扮女装的男性,直男。

即使只有11个人的比赛也和菲律宾人拿手的国际选美大赛没有什么环节上的区别,开场舞丶演讲丶才艺丶晚宴装……甚至是囊括跨性别、国家预算等议题的机智问答也没有落下。

图片图 |“粗鲁小姐”参赛选手

两年后,另一场规模更大的选美比赛在桃园火车站附近一家婚宴酒店拉开帷幕。T台被有些陈旧的红色地毯包裹起来,评委们列坐一排,观众甚至从台阶坐到了地上,金灿灿带着王冠的奖杯一字排开,等待新的“国王”和“皇后”诞生。

图片图 | 等待冠军的奖杯

图片图 | 等待拍摄宣传照的模特

Mark是这场比赛的灵魂人物。七年前,他从菲律宾一个叫Bulacan的省份来到桃园一家染整厂工作。五年前,工作中悬挂在头顶的化学溶剂破损,灼伤了他的脸,他大半张脸布满了疤痕。为了遮盖伤口,失去自信的他开始在网上自学化妆技巧。有朋友看到邀请他为自己化妆,于是Mark在工厂打工之余,误打误撞又多了化妆师、服装设计师的身份。四年前,他帮一位参加移工选美的朋友化妆,摘下后冠。现在,他已经成为了选美比赛主办人。

图片 图 | 身穿Mark设计的服装参加比赛的模特

菲律宾人在把自己的灵巧的双手和吃苦耐劳的躯体带到远离家乡的地方以外,还将传统文化也打包携带了。Mark想要让世界都看到,菲律宾人并不是天生就是到工厂工作的,他们都有自己的专长,对“美”的追求也是他们才华和自信的一部分。因为起码在他工作的台湾,人们似乎并不是这样想的。

低阶级的武器

路过第一广场的时候,很多本地人都会自动加快脚步,急着从五花八门的异样音调和与自己差异分明的脸庞中脱身。这里临近台中市火车站,有一栋12层高的大楼,800多家商店,繁忙时段有来自4个国家的20000多人会同时出现在这里,少的时候,也有5000个人。因此,这里经常被媒体称为“台中治安最差的地方”。

图片图 | 外来劳工正在第一广场挑选商品

这20000个人里,按比例算,应该至少有4000人的家乡在菲律宾。这个在地图上笔直地竖立在台湾正下方的发展中国家,为解决二十世纪七十年代的高失业率制定了劳工输出政策,几十年过去,现在正有一千万人在世界各地作为移工成为佣人和工人,而这个数字,是菲律宾总人数的十分之一。

二十年前,菲律宾的外劳汇款就已经接近百亿美元,甚至超过了整个国家的国防预算,甚至几次将菲律宾从经济崩溃的边缘拉回来。也正因为如此,菲政府将每年的6月7日定为外籍劳工日,以此来表彰这些“现代英雄”。

但走出国门,这些都变得无足轻重。

台湾人会自然地将他们称为“外劳”,这两个字像巨大的刻在他们脸上的纹身,不只脸上,还有喉咙里。大部分菲律宾劳工几乎都只会简单的中文。在工厂,除了上午和下午的10分钟休息以及午餐45分钟,他们无需也不被允许说话,站上流水线,丢掉姓名,贴上编号,投身为一个大型零件,这就是他们的全部。在房子里,她们清扫、洗涤、烹饪,闭口不言甚至是雇主更满意的工作状态,毕竟万一她们说话时的口水溅到各处,又会变得不干净,更何况,不说话也是人们想象里“温顺的菲佣”该有的样子。

图片图 | 台中市的东南亚商场

在台湾出生长大的Vincent回忆起自己儿时读过的一本地摊读物,女主人公因为事故去世,灵魂附在家里的菲佣身上,而她的老公也很快通过细节发现了这件事,故事的结局是两人继续幸福的生活在一起。那佣人的灵魂呢?哪怕在鬼故事里,她们都只是作为工具——这次是主人公的灵魂容器——出现。

在中东,约25万名菲律宾劳工在科威特工作,其中大部分是从事家政服务的女性,菲律宾使馆时不时就会接到劳工被雇主虐待和压榨的求助信息。根据一些中东国家的法律,雇主是有权利暂扣劳工护照并在雇用劳工期间对他们实施全面监控的。近年来,媒体也曝出多起菲律宾女性劳工在科威特因不堪虐待或性侵而选择自杀的报道。除此之外,每当政府之间出现争端的时候,在外劳工也一定是首当其冲的,被排查、被驱逐……他们夹在中间,进退两难。

他们自己的声音被生产线巨大的噪音遮盖,被房屋里细微的灰尘掩埋。所以他们擅长的“美”,自然而然成为了他们和她们用来发声的扩音器。疲惫、排斥、迷惘、思念……所有的情绪都被菲律宾人积攒到某个周日里,聚集在一起,表达美,认可美,他们站在三岛由纪夫美学的对立面,为温和的、优美的、典雅的美而振臂高呼。

图片图 |菲律宾人聚在一起吃传统食物

温和、优雅,这也是“美”的大众印象,它是没有攻击力的,易于被接受的。所以被排在主流之外的无能危机的他们,带着“异乡人”的标签以及低阶级的身份,能聚在一起拿起的武器,也仅限于此。

对选美狂热的国度

11月6日,阿尔巴尼亚地拉,菲律宾选美皇后莫琳·蒙塔尼被加冕为 2021 年环球小姐。再往前数几年,2019年,24岁的卡特丽安娜·格雷在泰国曼谷替菲律宾抱回第四座环球小姐冠军杯,菲律宾总统杜特尔特公开祝贺称“她是整个菲律宾的骄傲。”

成为一名选美皇后非常艰难,但在菲律宾,难度要再加码十倍。

在菲律宾的创世神话中,创造宇宙的神巴塔拉差遣一只名叫Tigmamanukan的蓝色小鸟啄开了竹子,里面包裹着世界上第一个男人和女人——Malakas和Maganda——有些类似于我们熟知的亚当和夏娃。男人Malaksa代表着强壮,女人Maganda代表着美丽。因此在菲律宾人世世代代的认知里,女性就应该是与“美丽”划等号的,而美丽是值得被欣赏的。

每年五月,百花齐放,菲律宾人会举办盛大的巡游,这是一年中最重要的庆典之一。在这之前,每个村落都要举办选美比赛选出最美的女孩扮演海伦娜皇后。在天主教传说中,海伦娜皇后在耶稣被钉死后,找到了可以给人类带来救赎的真十字架,在菲律宾人信仰的天主教中,扮演着至关重要的角色。

图片图 | 五月花节游行

在商界以及政界,菲律宾女性的地位都不容忽视,菲律宾第十四任总统阿基诺夫人,是亚洲第一位担当总统的女性。2021年全球性别差距报告显示,菲律宾性别平等指数全球第17,连续数年排名亚洲第一。

从16世纪起,根据菲律宾土著民的传统,妇女就可以拥有或继承家庭财产、从事贸易活动、担任宗教首领,甚至作为战士进行斗争。而后西班牙殖民者将西方父权制带来菲律宾,当地尊重妇女的传统虽然受到极大的挑战,但最终还是最大程度保留了下来。在菲律宾语中,有一个专门的词语用来形容母亲,ilaw ng tahanan,可以被翻译为“家庭之光”。

除此以外,金钱自然是最现实的因素。四十多年前,一位名叫泰图拉的菲律宾小姐说,她认为选美是一个平等的机会,即使你再穷一样有赢的比赛机会。几十年后这条规则看似依然适用,赢得比赛的女孩们靠奖金让妈妈不再做一辈子佣人、支付爸爸的医疗费、给家里添一台电视机……

但事实上这样的幸运比万分之一还要少,为了参加比赛花光积蓄的人要比拿下高额奖金的人多得多,这才是常事。

想成为真正的选美冠军,需要花费大量的时间和金钱在“培训班”,女孩们在昏暗的篮球场或者仓库,每天穿着三点式泳装和十几厘米的高跟鞋来回走台步,直到大汗淋漓也不能停止。不止这些,男孩们为了维持完美的肌肉,冒着器官衰竭的危险注射非法药物,选美比赛场也是性掠夺者的沃土,选手还要想尽办法拒绝赞助商暗示和骚扰。

但是寄托了无数梦想的选美比赛还是一场一场开了下去,毕竟“幸运降临”的童话故事已经发生过了,男孩女孩们不得不相信着,接受评委、观众、赞助商的一层一层审视。在闪光灯下,他们强睁大眼睛,踏上长长短短的红毯继续走下去。

公益?或是利益

再回到2018年的那场男扮女装的“粗鲁小姐”选美现场,一位参赛佳丽在一块以“海外菲律宾人”为中心的文字框周围涂鸦上“家庭、未来、教育、钱”等单词,表达菲律宾人远离家乡工作的关键原因。观众可以自由购票,抽出一部分当作佳丽奖金,剩下的钱会全数捐给菲律宾流露街头的孩子和孤儿院。但实际上就算没买票也能参加,活动现场还提供许多免费食物和饮料。

这场比赛共募集6.4万新台币(约合14000元人民币),得到冠军的佳丽获得新台币1万元奖金(约合2300元人民币)。奖金看似不多,实际上是他们在工厂大半个月的收入。更何况,只要能在大大小小的选美比赛里脱颖而出,遇到赏识的固定赞助商,就能帮“国王”和“皇后”们成为菲律宾社群里吸引上万粉丝的流量明星。

每个选美比赛的后台都暂时变成了“第一广场”,不管你的身份是什么,只要同样来自菲律宾,就可以在这里尝到地道的家乡食物,大声谈笑不会被人嘲笑发音不标准,他们从“工具”变成了有话语权的、有指纹的“人”。模特们抓起眼影盘和高光互相往对方脸上涂抹,一起研究怎么让胸肌更明显,两个人一起用力帮屏住呼吸的模特把紧身长裙的拉链拉上……

在上海、台湾、日本、韩国等等各种菲律宾人聚集的地方,几乎每个周末都会有一场或大或小的选美比赛。不管来自哪个城市哪座村落,在穿过海峡后,她们已经成为了天然的同盟。

成名的模特会依托在社群里累积的粉丝,为赞助商代言商品,他们中的大多数也会逐渐转变为秀导或其他工作人员,培养出更多知名的移工模特,吸引更多赞助商的大笔投资。仅台湾活跃在选美比赛中的模特就有接近5000人,加上各种工作人员,总数接近两万名,足够构成一个自给自足的小商业圈子,再通过一次又一次的比赛,扩大,凝聚。

图片图 |拿下比赛冠军的菲律宾劳工

是的,“选美比赛”当然是菲律宾人的慰藉,但其实和其他的虚拟社区没什么区别,当你免费获得的时候,自己也正在被售卖。观众付出关注,模特贡献表演,主办人付出精力,赞助商付出金钱,更多的人购买赞助商品,这个社区,或者说这个游戏,有着自己的规则,既关于思念和梦想,也关系金钱和回报。

图片图 |充满菲律宾传统元素的选美现场

周日,菲律宾劳工们可以脱下灰色制服,有的人换上粉色吊带衫,牵上男友的手融入商场的人群,有的人来到不太正宗的东南亚餐馆,边吃饭边给家里人打一通电话,有的人换上有着巨大裙摆的礼服或手工编织按扣的长衫,走上已经破了几个洞的红毯。

一场场很小的比赛,寄托了许多思乡的慰藉,这是菲律宾劳工们的小小狂欢。可是宴席散去,他们已经要回到苍白、单调的外来者生活。可以说,正是菲律宾劳工恶劣的生存环境催生了选美这样一朵奇异花:语言和职业的隔阂,使得他们很难融入所在国家地区的社区环境,无尽的孤独中,劳工们只能在母国的热门活动中寻找慰藉,选美就这样流散到他们生活的各个角落。

可是,劳工为什么要选美呢?作为劳动者的尊严,在挑选和观看中不知不觉流失着,扭曲成一种蹩脚的奇观。踏上异乡土地的菲律宾劳工,目的地不尽相同,幻梦却是一致的。

选美结束,月光照下来的时候,每个人都急匆匆准备回家,准备第二天一早投身流水线的轰鸣,他们也会思考,是不是月亮照错了地方。

Just as a man has two parents, and four grandparents, and eight great-grandparents, and sixteen great-great-grandparents, and so on until when, say, forty generations are calculated the numbers of ancestors run into many millions--so it is with the number of causes behind even the most trifling event or phenomena, such as the passage of a tiny speck of soot before your eye.
如同一个人有双亲,四个祖父辈,八个曾祖父辈,十六个曾曾祖父辈的亲人,如此,上推到四十代前,那是几百万的祖辈——同样,即使最微小的事物和现象背后的原因数目也是如此,哪怕是你眼前面的一粒灰尘。

It is not an easy matter to trace the bit of soot hack to the early period of the world's history when it formed a part of a massive tree-trunk, which was afterward converted into coal, and so on, until as the speck of soot it now passes before your vision on its way to other adventures.
要追踪这个小灰粒到星球历史的较早期阶段绝非容易的事,那时候它是大树的一部分,从树桩转化为煤,如此等等,直到它成为一粒煤灰来到你的眼前,继续它的下面的经历。

And a mighty chain of events, causes and effects, brought it to its present condition, and the later is but one of the chain of events which will go to produce other events hundreds of years from now. One of the series of events arising from the tiny bit of soot was the writing of these lines, which caused the typesetter to perform certain work; the proofreader to do likewise;
一个事物如此巨大的链,原因们和结果们,把这个灰尘带到现在的状态,此后它依然是在事情的链条中,进入此后数百年的其它事物中。从这个些微的灰尘,升起的一个事物系列中的,一个就是写出的这几行文字。排版工人进行了工作,校对员也做了贡献。

and which will arouse certain thoughts in your mind, and that of others, which in turn will affect others, and so on, and on, and on, beyond the ability of man to think further-and all from the passage of a tiny bit of soot, all of which shows the relativity and association of things, and the further fact that "there is no great; there is no small, in the mind that causeth all."
这些文字会在你的心理中产生某些想法,这些想法可能又会影响其他人,如此下去,下去,再下去,远到超越人的想象能力——所有这都来自一粒灰尘,所有这些都显化着事情的关系和联系,进一步的事实是,在导致一切的思想中,没有什么伟大,没有什么渺小。

Stop to think a moment.
If a certain man had not met a certain maid, away back in the dim period of the Stone Age--you who are now reading these lines would not now be here. And if, perhaps, the same couple had failed to meet, we who now write these lines would not now be here.
让我们停下来想一下。

如果远在石器时代的晦暗的日子里,一个人如果没有遇到某个女人——你这位现在正在读这些文字的就不会在这里。如果,这样的一对没有相遇,我们写这些文字的现在不会在这里。

And the very act of writing, on our part, and the act of reading, on yours, will affect not only the respective lives of yourself and ourselves, but will also have a direct, or indirect, affect upon many other people now living and who will live in the ages to come.
我们的写作行动,你的阅读行动,不仅会影响到你的和我们的特别的生命,也会直接或者间接地影响许多其他的人,现在的和以后世代会来到的。

Every thought we think, every act we perform, has its direct and indirect results which fit into the great chain of Cause and Effect.
我们思考的每一个心理,我们显化的每一个行动,都有它直接和间接的效果,汇合到巨大的因果链条之中。

We do not wish to enter into a consideration of Free Will, or Determinism, in this work, for various reasons.
出于多种原因,在这个工作中,我们不希望涉入到自由意志和决定论中去。

Among the many reasons, is the principal one that neither side of the controversy is entirely right-in fact, both sides are partially right, according to the Hermetic Teachings. The Principle of Polarity shows that both are but Half-Truths the opposing poles of Truth.
在这些原因中,最主要的是对立的双方没有一个是绝对正确的——事实上,按照赫尔墨斯教导,两方面都有部分的正确。极性法则显示了,两个方面都只是部分的真理,真理的相对的两个极性。

The Teachings are that a man may be both Free and yet bound by Necessity, depending upon the meaning of the terms, and the height of Truth from which the matter is examined.
教导是说,人既需要自由又要束缚,靠着对事物的检验,得到内里的认识,并且从这里达到之上的真理层面。

The ancient writers express the matter thus: "The further the creation is from the Centre, the more it is bound; the nearer the Centre it reaches, the nearer Free is it."
古老的作者这样来表达这个意思,创造物离中心越远,束缚就越多。离中心越近,离自由就越近。

The majority of people are more or less the slaves of heredity, environment, etc., and manifest very little Freedom.
大部分的人或多或少是遗传、环境,等等,的奴隶,只显化出很少的自由。

They are swayed by the opinions, customs and thoughts of the outside world, and also by their emotions, feelings, moods, etc.
他们随着外部世界的议论、习俗和心理摆动着,还有他们自己的情绪、感受、心态,等等。

They manifest no Mastery, worthy of the name.
他们很少显化出大师的样式,那和这个名字相配的行动。

They indignantly repudiate this assertion, saying, "Why, I certainly am free to act and do as I please--I do just what I want to do,"

他们激愤地做这样的断言,难道我不是按自己的喜好自由地在行动吗?我做的正是我想要做的。

but they fail to explain whence arise the "want to" and "as I please." What makes them "want to" do one thing in preference to another; what makes them "please" to do this, and not do that? Is there no "because" to their "pleasing" and "Wanting"?
他们却无法说明想要做的和自己喜好的来自何处。是什么让他们想要做这个,而不是别的?是什么让他们喜好做这个,而不是那个?难道对于他们的喜好和想要就没有原因了吗?

The Master can change these "pleases" and "wants" into others at the opposite end of the mental pole. He is able to "Will to will," instead of to will because some feeling, mood, emotion, or environmental suggestion arouses a tendency or desire within him so to do.
大师可以改变这些喜好和想要,去到心理极性的相对一端。他能够有意志地去做,而不是被在内里升起的一些感受、心态、情绪的驱动或者欲求,还有周围的暗示,而去做。

The majority of people are carried along like the falling stone, obedient to environment, outside influences and internal moods, desires, etc., not to speak of the desires and wills of others stronger than themselves, heredity, environment, and suggestion, carrying them along without resistance on their part, or the exercise of the Will.
大多数人,有如落下的石头,服从着环境,外在的影响和内在的心态、欲望,等等,更不要说那些强过他们自己的人的欲望和意志、环境、暗示,把他们推动着,他们无法抵抗,或者有自身意志的练习。

Moved like the pawns on the checkerboard of life, they play their parts and are laid aside after the game is over.
生命如同象棋棋盘上的兵卒一般被挪动,他们扮演着他们的角色,当棋局结束就被搁置一旁。

But the Masters, knowing the rules of the game, rise above the plane of material life, and placing themselves in touch with the higher powers of their nature, dominate their own moods, characters, qualities, and polarity, as well as the environment surrounding them and thus become Movers in the game, instead of Pawns-Causes instead of Effects.
但是大师们,知道游戏的规则,上升到物质生命的层面之上,让自己接触他们本性中更高的能量,支配他们自己的心态、特质、品性,和极性,对围绕他们的环境也是如此,这样,他们成为游戏中的博弈者,而非棋盘上的兵卒——用原因取代结果。

The Masters do not escape the Causation of the higher planes, but fall in with the higher laws, and thus master circumstances on the lower plane.
大师们不能逃避更高层面的原因,而是变得与更高的法则相和谐,这样控制了在较低层面上的环境。
They thus form a conscious part of the Law, instead of being mere blind instruments. While they Serve on the Higher Planes, they Rule on the Material Plane.
他们这样构成了法则的意识部分,而不是它的盲目的工具。当他们服务于更高层面,他们就控制了物质层面。

But, on higher and on lower, the Law is always in operation. There is no such thing as Chance. The blind goddess has been abolished by Reason.
但是,在较高的层面和在较低的层面上,法则总是运作着。没有偶然这种事情。盲目的女神已经被理性废除了。

We are able to see now, with eyes made clear by knowledge, that everything is governed by Universal Law-that the infinite number of laws are but manifestations of the One Great Law-the LAW which is THE ALL.
我们现在能够看到,知识使我们的眼睛明亮起来,万物都是由宇宙法则管理的——无限的法则只是显化着的一的伟大法则——这个法则就是全能者。

It is true indeed that not a sparrow drops unnoticed by the Mind of THE AL--that even the hairs on our head are numbered
这是真的,在全能者的思想里没有一只麻雀的掉落会不被注意到——就是你头上的头发也是被数算过的——正如《圣经》经文所说的。

--as the scriptures have said There is nothing outside of Law; nothing that happens contrary to it. And yet, do not make the mistake of supposing that Man is but a blind automaton-far from that.
没有什么是在法则之外的,没有什么是违反法则发生的。也不要错误地假设,人只是一个盲目的自动机器——远不是这样。

The Hermetic Teachings are that Man may use Law to overcome laws, and that the higher will always prevail against the lower, until at last he has reached the stage in which he seeks refuge in the LAW itself, and laughs the phenomenal laws to scorn. Are you able to grasp the inner meaning of this?
赫尔墨斯教导这样说,人能够利用法则去克服法则,较高的总是胜过较低的,直到最后他抵达这个站点,在那里他寻找在这个法则自身里的庇护,并且讥笑现象法则们的不屑。你能不能抓住在这里面的内在意义呢?

CHAPTER XII CAUSATION
第十二章 因果

"Every Cause has its Effect; every Effect has its Cause;
everything happens according to Law; Chance is but a
name for Law not recognized; there are many planes of
causation, but nothing escapes the Law."--The Kybalion.
凡因都有果;凡果都有因;每一件事情的发生都遵循法则;运气只是法则的一个名称,而不是它本身得到承认。有许多层面的果,但任何事物都逃脱不了法则。
——Kybalion

The great Sixth Hermetic Principle--the Principle of Cause and Effect--embodies the truth that Law pervades the Universe; that nothing happens by Chance;
伟大的赫尔墨斯第六法则
——因果法则
——揭示的真理是:法则遍及宇宙;没有什么是偶然发生的。

that Chance is merely a term indicating cause existing but not recognized or perceived; that phenomena is continuous, without break or exception.
偶然只是一个描述词汇,表示的是,存在的原因是无法认识,或者无法觉察;现象是连续的,不会断裂或者出现例外。

The Principle of Cause and Effect underlies all scientific thought, ancient and modern, and was enunciated by the Hermetic Teachers in the earliest days.
因果法则是所有科学心理的基础,不论古代还是现代,在最初的时期里就被赫尔墨斯教导明确阐述了。

While many and varied disputes between the many schools of thought have since arisen, these disputes have been principally upon the details of the operations of the Principle, and still more often upon the meaning of certain words.
当各种不同的争论在众多心理学派之间出现时,这些争论主要集中在法则运作的细节上,也经常与某些词汇的意义有关联。

The underlying Principle of Cause and Effect has been accepted as correct by practically all the thinkers of the world worthy of the name.
隐藏的因果法则已经被这个世界所有真正的思想者作为正确的而实际接受了。

To think otherwise would be to take the phenomena of the universe from the domain of Law and Order, and to relegate it; to the control of the imaginary something which men have called "Chance."
去思考另一方面,那会把宇宙的现象从法则和有序的领域,带入到想象的控制中,一个人们称为偶然的境域。

A little consideration will show anyone that there is in reality no such thing as pure chance. Webster defines the word "Chance" as follows: "A supposed agent or mode of activity other than a force, law or purpose;
做一点思考就会对任何人显明,实际上没有什么纯粹的偶然这种事情。韦伯字典定义偶然为,力量、法则、目的之外的,一个假设的活动动因或者方式;

the operation or activity of such agent; the supposed effect of such an agent; a happening; fortuity; casualty, etc."
这种动因的运作或者活动,这种动因的假设效果,一个碰巧;意外;意外事物,等等。

But a little consideration will show you that there can be no such agent as "Chance," in the sense of something outside of Law-something outside of Cause and Effect.
但思考一下,你就会知道没有那种在法则之外——在因果法则之外,这种偶然的动因。

How could there be a something acting in the phenomenal universe, independent of the laws, order, and continuity of the latter? Such a something would be entirely independent of the orderly trend of the universe, and therefore superior to it.
事物如何可以独立于宇宙的法则、秩序和连续性,而在现象的宇宙中行动?这样一个事物需要完全独立于宇宙的有序趋势,凌驾在宇宙之上。

We can imagine nothing outside of THE ALL being outside of the Law, and that only because THE ALL is the LAW in itself.
我们能够想象,没有什么是在全能者的法则之外的,也只有全能者是它自身的法则。

There is no room in the universe for a something outside of and independent of Law.
在宇宙中,对于那些在法则之外和不依赖法则的,无处容身。
The existence of such a Something would render all Natural Laws ineffective, and would plunge the universe into chaotic disorder and lawlessness.
这种事情的存在会使所有的自然法则无效,并且把宇宙投入到混乱无序和无法则的状态。

A careful examination will show that what we call "Chance" is merely an expression relating to obscure causes; causes that we cannot perceive; causes that we cannot understand.
细心的查验会显示,我们称为的偶然只是一个对不明原因的表达;我们还没有觉察到的原因;我们还不理解的原因。

The word Chance is derived from a word Meaning "to fall" (as the falling of dice), the idea being that the fall of the dice (and many other happenings) are merely a "happening" unrelated to any cause.
偶然这个词来自意味着掉落下来(如同色子掉落下来)这个词,那个近似的概念是色子的掉落,只是一个和任何原因无关的发生。

And this is the sense in which the term is generally employed.
这个词比较普遍地在这种情况下使用。

But when the matter is closely examined, it is seen that there is no chance whatsoever about the fall of the dice.
但是对于这个问题做进一步的考察,就能看到色子的掉落并非偶然。

Each time a die falls, and displays a certain number, it obeys a law as infallible as that which governs the revolution of the planets around the sun.
一次色子掉落,现出一个确定的数字,它遵守着一个法则,是和确定了地球围绕太阳的旋转的法则一样的。

Back of the fall of the die are causes, or chains of causes, running back further than the mind can follow.
在色子掉下的背后,是有原因和原因链的,比心理能够追踪的延伸到更远。

The position of the die in the box; the amount of muscular energy expended in the throw; the condition of the table, etc., etc.,
色子在盒子里的位置;在抛掷时肌肉力量的运用;桌子的具体状况,等等,

all are causes, the effect of which may be seen. But back of these seen causes there are chains of unseen preceding causes, all of which had a bearing upon the number of the die which fell uppermost.
所有都是原因,结果能够看到。只是在这些可看到的原因背后,有不可见的原因链条,所有都和要出现的色子上的数字有某种关系。

If a die be cast a great number of times, it will be found that the numbers shown will be about equal, that is, there will be an equal number of one-spot, two-spot, etc., coming uppermost.
如果色子被掷出的次数够多,会发现每个数字的出现频率近乎相等;那就是,一个点,两个点,等等,出现是平均的。

Toss a penny in the air, and it may come down either "heads" or "tails"; but make a sufficient number of tosses, and the heads and tails will about even up. This is the operation of the law of average.
抛一个硬币,落下来可以是正面或者反面;抛的次数足够多,正面或者反面的出现是相等的。这是均数法则的运作。

But both the average and the single toss come under the Law of Cause and Effect, and if we were able to examine into the preceding causes, it would be clearly seen that it was simply impossible for the die to fall other than it did, under the same circumstances and at the same time. Given the same causes, the same results will follow. There is always a "cause" and a "because" to every event. Nothing ever "happens" without a cause, or rather a chain of causes.
但是均数和单一抛掷这两者都是在因果法则之下,如果我们能够查验之前的原因,在同样的条件下和在同样的时间里,很清楚,色子的不落下,这个现象是完全不可能的。给予同样的原因,会产生同样的结果。对每一个事物,总是有一个原因和一个因为。永远没有什么的发生,可以没有原因或者原因链。

Some confusion has arisen in the minds of persons considering this Principle, from the fact that they were unable to explain how one thing could cause another thing--that is, be the "creator" of the second thing.
As a matter of fact, no "thing" ever causes or "creates" another "thing."
在考虑这个法则时,心理上会出现一些混淆,这来自于他们不能解释一个事物怎样导致了另一个——那是,第二个事物的创造者。

事实是,没有事物曾经导致或者创造另一个事物。

Cause and Effect deals merely with "events."
原因和结果只是在和事情打交道。

An "event" is "that which comes, arrives or happens, as a result or consequent of some preceding event."
一个事情是到来,来到,或者发生,只是作为某些先前事物的结果或者后续。

No event "creates" another event, but is merely a preceding link in the great orderly chain of events flowing from the creative energy of THE ALL.

没有事物创造另一个事物,只是从全能者的创造性能量而来的,在一个巨大有序的事情链条的流动中,与之前事情连接的一个事物的出现。

There is a continuity between all events precedent, consequent and subsequent. There is a relation existing between everything that has gone before, and everything that follows.
在所有事情之间都有连续性,先前的,随后的,再后的。在任何事情之间有相关的存在,一个走了,一个跟着就来。

A stone is dislodged from a mountain side and crashes through a roof of a cottage in the valley below. At first sight we regard this as a chance effect,
but when we examine the matter we find a great chain of causes behind it.
一块石头从山边滚落,打烂了下面山谷里一座茅屋的屋顶。开始,我们会认为这是一个偶然的结果,但是,当我们查验这个事情,我们发现在它后面有一个巨大的原因链。

In the first place there was the rain which softened the earth supporting the stone and which allowed it to fall; then back of that was the influence of the sun, other rains, etc.,
先是雨水松动了地表对石头的支撑,使它能够跌落;在它后面是太阳的影响,还有雨,等等,

which gradually disintegrated the piece of rock from a larger piece;
从较大的石头不断裂碎出小石块;
then there were the causes which led to the formation of the mountain, and its upheaval by convulsions of nature, and so on ad infinitum. Then we might follow up the causes behind the rain, etc.
那么这里有山的构造方面的原因,自然的震荡造成了它的变化,无限的如此种种。这样我们能够探究在雨后面的原因,等等。

Then we might consider the existence of the roof In short, we would soon find ourselves involved in a mesh of cause and effect, from which we would soon strive to extricate ourselves.
然后我们能够考虑茅屋顶的存在。简要地说,我们很快发现我们自己陷在一个原因和结果的网里,我们要马上把我们自己从里面解脱出来。

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